Understanding Academic Structure in openSIS

Understanding Academic Structure in openSIS

Overview

The academic structure in openSIS defines how your institution organizes:

  • school years
  • calendars
  • terms
  • grade levels
  • periods
  • courses
  • scheduling
  • grading
  • attendance

Before students and teachers can begin using the system effectively, these foundational academic components should be configured properly.

openSIS provides institutions with flexible academic configuration options so schools, colleges, universities, and training institutions can structure the system according to their own academic model.


Understanding the Academic Structure Flow

A typical academic setup flow in openSIS follows this order:

  1. Create Academic Calendar
  2. Create Marking Periods
  3. Configure Grade Levels
  4. Configure Periods
  5. Create Subjects and Courses
  6. Create Course Sections
  7. Schedule Teachers
  8. Schedule Students
  9. Begin Attendance and Grading

Each component is connected to the others and helps define how scheduling, attendance, grading, and reporting work throughout the academic year.


School Year and Academic Calendar

The academic calendar defines the active school year and instructional dates used throughout the institution.

School → Calendars

or

Settings → School → Calendars


How Calendars Work

Institutions can:

  • create one or multiple calendars
  • define start and end dates
  • assign a default calendar
  • extend calendars if required before the term ends

Although multiple calendars can exist, only one calendar is usually used as the primary default academic calendar.

The calendar controls:

  • instructional days
  • holidays
  • attendance eligibility
  • marking period boundaries
  • scheduling timelines

Important Notes

  • Marking periods must remain within the start and end dates of the academic calendar.
  • Institutions may extend the calendar if the academic year changes unexpectedly.

Marking Period Structure

Marking periods define how the academic year is divided into grading terms.

School → Marking Periods

or

Settings → School → Marking Periods


Flexible Hierarchy Structure

openSIS provides institutions with complete flexibility to create their own marking period hierarchy.

Most institutions commonly follow a 3-level structure:

  • Parent
  • Child
  • Grandchild

Example:

Full Year
→ Semester
→ Quarter

However, institutions may configure:

  • semesters
  • trimesters
  • quarters
  • custom academic terms
  • flexible higher education structures

depending on their academic model.


Important Rules

All marking periods must:

  • fall within the active academic calendar dates
  • maintain proper parent-child relationships

Grade Posting Dates

Marking periods may also include optional:

  • Grade Posting Begin Dates
  • Grade Posting End Dates

These dates control when teachers can submit final grades.

This helps institutions:

  • standardize grading timelines
  • prevent late grade submissions
  • manage report card preparation

Grade Levels

Grade levels define how students are academically classified inside the institution.

Settings → School → Grade Levels


Configurable Grade Structures

Institutions can freely configure grade levels according to their naming standards.

Examples:

  • Grade 1
  • Grade 8
  • Freshman
  • Sophomore
  • Undergraduate Level 1

Grade Level Fields

Typical fields include:

  • Title
  • Short Name
  • Sort Order
  • Grade Level Equivalency
  • Next Grade

Grade Level Equivalency

The Grade Level Equivalency field helps openSIS understand the academic category of the student.

This is used to determine whether the student belongs to:

  • K-12 education
  • Higher Education

This distinction may affect:

  • parent portal access
  • workflows
  • reporting behavior
  • institutional structure handling

Next Grade Mapping

The Next Grade field helps automate:

  • student promotion
  • academic rollover
  • year-end processing

Periods

Periods define the instructional time blocks used during the school day.

Settings → School → Periods


Period Configuration

Institutions may configure:

  • regular periods
  • advisory periods
  • block schedules
  • rotation schedules
  • custom instructional models

Each period typically contains:

  • title
  • short name
  • start time
  • end time

Attendance Configuration

During period setup, administrators can determine whether attendance will be taken for that period.

This is important because:

  • attendance-enabled periods participate in attendance workflows
  • non-attendance periods are ignored during attendance calculations

Block and Rotation Days

Schools using rotating schedules or block systems can configure those structures inside the period setup area.

This allows openSIS to support:

  • traditional schedules
  • block schedules
  • rotating day models
  • flexible institutional structures

Subjects, Courses, and Course Sections

openSIS follows a three-level academic hierarchy:

Subjects
→ Courses
→ Course Sections


Subjects

Subjects help categorize academic offerings.

Examples:

  • Mathematics
  • Science
  • English
  • Humanities

Courses

Courses represent academic offerings under a subject area.

Courses → Course Manager

Examples:

  • Algebra I
  • Biology
  • English Literature

Course Configuration

Courses may be mapped to:

  • programs/degrees
  • grade levels
  • credit hours
  • subject categories

This allows institutions to organize academic offerings according to their curriculum structure.


Course Sections

Course Sections are actual scheduled instances of a course.

Example:

Algebra I → Section A → Period 2 → Mrs. Smith

Course Sections define:

  • teacher assignment
  • meeting periods
  • classroom schedules
  • enrolled students
  • grading configuration
  • attendance workflows

Important Concept

Teachers and students are not directly scheduled into Courses.

They are scheduled into: Course Sections

This is one of the most important academic concepts inside openSIS.


Scheduling Flow

Once the academic structure is configured, institutions begin scheduling operations.

The typical flow is:

  1. Create Calendar
  2. Create Marking Periods
  3. Configure Grade Levels
  4. Configure Periods
  5. Create Subjects
  6. Create Courses
  7. Create Course Sections
  8. Schedule Teachers
  9. Schedule Students

Scheduling Teachers

Scheduling → Schedule Teacher

Administrators assign teachers to Course Sections.

Teachers become responsible for:

  • attendance
  • assignments
  • grading
  • classroom management
  • lesson planning

Scheduling Students

Scheduling → Schedule Student

Students are scheduled into Course Sections according to:

  • grade level
  • academic program
  • timetable structure
  • institutional requirements

Attendance Workflow

Once students and teachers are scheduled into Course Sections, teachers can begin taking attendance.

Attendance depends on:

  • configured periods
  • attendance-enabled periods
  • scheduled course sections

Missing attendance tracking also depends on these configurations.


Grading Workflow

Teachers can:

  • create assignments
  • enter assignment grades
  • calculate averages
  • enter final grades manually

or

  • allow openSIS to calculate final grades automatically from assignment scores

Grade Configuration

Grade configuration is managed at the Course Section level by the scheduled teacher.

This allows grading structures to vary between:

  • classes
  • teachers
  • academic programs

depending on institutional requirements.


Final Grade Posting

Final grades can only be entered during the grade posting period configured inside the Marking Period setup.

This helps institutions:

  • maintain grading timelines
  • prevent unauthorized late grading
  • standardize report card preparation

Why Academic Structure Matters

The academic structure affects nearly every workflow inside openSIS, including:

  • scheduling
  • attendance
  • grading
  • GPA calculations
  • report cards
  • transcripts
  • student promotion
  • reporting
  • rollover processing

Proper setup ensures accurate academic operations throughout the school year.

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